The advent of social media has revolutionized how we access and share data, including information about mental health, substance use, trauma experiences, and other issues. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health problems are increasing annually. As many of those who report increased mental health symptoms of depression and anxiety are younger people, it comes as no surprise that many are getting their mental health information on social media (World Health Organization, 2022).
However, alongside legitimate professionals, a concerning trend has emerged: the rise of unlicensed and uncredentialed mental health influencers. A quick search for terms like “anxiety,” “depression,” “narcissistic abuse support,” and even “self-harm” yields hundreds, if not thousands, of unlicensed and uncredentialed coaches and influencers claiming to assist those looking for support. These individuals, while often well-meaning, tend to lack formal qualifications and oversight, posing significant risks by disseminating inaccurate or even harmful advice. Not ironically, research shows that there is a link between an increase in social media use and increased mental health symptoms (Beyari, 2023).
Here are some of the risks of unlicensed influencers spreading mental health information on social media:
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Lack of qualifications and expertise
One of the primary concerns surrounding unlicensed mental health influencers is their lack of formal qualifications and expertise. Unlike licensed mental health professionals who undergo rigorous education, training, licensure processes, and accountability, influencers may lack the clinical knowledge and skills necessary to provide accurate and evidence-based guidance.
This deficit can lead to the dissemination of misinformation, outdated therapeutic techniques, or potentially harmful advice that fails to consider the complexities of mental health disorders and individualized treatment needs. Research shows that the spread of false or misinformation is a real problem on social media, and this can lead to harm if people unknowingly absorb and follow information that is false (Shearer et al., 2024).
Spread of false information and misinterpretation
The unchecked nature of social media allows misinformation to proliferate rapidly, often presented as credible advice by influential figures. Unlicensed mental health influencers may inadvertently perpetuate myths or misconceptions about mental health conditions, treatments, and recovery processes (Shearer et al., 2024). Such misinformation can undermine public trust in evidence-based practices and deter individuals from seeking appropriate professional help, potentially exacerbating their mental health challenges.
Ethical concerns and harmful advice
Ethical guidelines and standards of practice are integral to responsible mental health advocacy and support. Licensed professionals adhere to ethical codes that prioritize client welfare, confidentiality, and informed consent.
In contrast, unlicensed influencers may promote unproven treatments, advocate for risky behaviors, or exploit vulnerable individuals seeking guidance. This lack of ethical oversight can result in unintended harm, including worsening symptoms, delaying appropriate treatment, or causing emotional distress.
Impact on vulnerable populations
Social media platforms provide a global platform where vulnerable populations, including adolescents, individuals in crisis, and those with limited access to mental health resources, seek information and support. An example of this is the Queer teenager who is unable to come out to their family but instead chooses to look for support online. In a perfect scenario, they would find validation and support for their identity. However, there is a risk that the opposite can happen. Without proper qualifications, influencers may lack the cultural competence or sensitivity needed to address diverse experiences and identities.
Lack of accountability and liability
Licensed mental health professionals are held accountable to regulatory bodies and professional standards, ensuring adherence to best practices and ethical guidelines. In contrast, unlicensed influencers operate without oversight, leaving their followers vulnerable to advice lacking in scientific validity or clinical relevance. The absence of accountability mechanisms poses risks of unchecked harm, as influencers face minimal consequences for disseminating inaccurate or harmful content.
Of course, it should be noted that possessing a degree and license does not immediately absolve individuals of the potential for harm, but this form of gatekeeping is crucial for ensuring that mental health guidance adheres to established ethical standards and evidence-based practices. Licensed professionals are subject to rigorous training, supervision, and accountability measures designed to protect clients and maintain the integrity of mental health practices, which helps to mitigate the risks associated with unregulated and unqualified advice.
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Undermining trust in mental health professionals
The proliferation of unlicensed mental health influencers can erode public trust in qualified professionals and evidence-based practices. Misinformation propagated online may create skepticism toward established treatments, therapies, and the credibility of licensed practitioners. This skepticism can deter individuals from seeking culturally appropriate and trauma-informed mental healthcare, compromising their well-being.
Ensuring the information you find online about mental health is helpful and reliable involves several key steps:
1. Check the source.
Is this person/group qualified to make these claims? Check the credentials and qualifications of the individual or organization providing the information. Look for details such as professional affiliations, degrees, certifications, or licenses in mental health fields.
This does not mean that someone needs a degree or a specific amount of letters after their name in order to be educated in a given topic, nor does it mean that those of us with degrees and certifications are exempt from spreading false or misleading information. However, it can give you an idea of the person’s background and goals for posting.
2. Check the messaging.
Be cautious of sensationalized or overly simplistic explanations of complex mental health issues, as well as claims of “miracle cures” or quick fixes without scientific backing. For example, be wary of someone who seems set on revenge and who is spreading information about narcissism or similar conditions. This does not mean that they were not victimized, but that their messaging is likely that of one who is in a specific stage of their healing that might not resonate with you.
3. Compare and cross-check.
Cross-check information across multiple reputable sources to ensure consistency and reliability. Look for consensus among experts in the field regarding treatment approaches, symptoms, and outcomes. Do not take only one person’s words at face value—if there is validity in their claims, others will be saying similar things.
